Everything about The Duchy Of Modena totally explained
The
Duchy of Modena (in full, the
Duchies of Modena and Reggio) was a small
Italian state that existed from
1452 to
1859, with a break between
1796 and
1814. The Duchy was originally created for the
Este family, who also ruled
Ferrara until
1597. In
1796, the Duchy was occupied by the French army of
Napoleon Bonaparte, who created the
Cispadane Republic out of its territory. The last Este Duke became ruler of former
Austrian territories in southwestern
Germany (the
Breisgau), and died in
1803. Following his death, Modena was inherited by his son-in-law,
Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este, an uncle of Emperor
Francis II. With the fall of the Napoleonic system in Italy in
1814, Ferdinand's son,
Francis IV, became Duke of Modena. Soon after, he inherited the territories of
Massa and
Carrara from his mother.
The Habsburg dukes were briefly ousted in
1831 and
1848, but soon returned. Following the Franco-
Piedmontese war against Austria in
1859, the duke was again forced to flee, this time permanently. In December of 1859, Modena joined with
Tuscany and
Parma to form the
United Provinces of Central Italy, which were annexed to the
Kingdom of Sardinia in March of
1860.
Provinces of the Duchy before the dissolution
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